Dianthus (Dianthus caryophyllus)
Flowers: July to August. Height: 30cm (12in).
Probably introduced by Carthusian monks in the 15th century, its name translates as ‘divine flower’ and they were beloved for their pretty, frilled flowers and scents. Medieval women liked to weave them into fragrant crowns and garlands. Also called Clove Pink, Carnation or Mary’s Rose, they appeared in religious and secular art of the later 15th century as an emblem of love. It was seen as a flower of Paradise as it was associated with both Christ and the Virgin Mary and known as Gilliflower in the writings of Chaucer and Shakespeare.
Medicinal: To lower fevers, reduce pain and used as a tonic to promote general health and alleviate stress and nervousness.
Culinary: Fresh or dried, it was highly popular for its clove-like flavour and used in many recipes and herbal teas and to spice up wine and possets.
